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Citation Safe

List of AI-hallucinated cases

Updated daily. Sourced from the Damien Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases dataset (CC0).

This is the running list of every AI-fabricated case citation that has been identified in a real, publicly reported court ruling. Every entry is grounded in a specific sanctioning order or warning; we do not add fabricated citations from anywhere else. As of today, 522 phantom citations are documented here.

Why this list matters

Every phantom below has been searched for by name in briefs, memos, and research outputs — most caught by opposing counsel or the court, some caught only after a fabricated quote reached a filing. If you are writing a brief or reviewing an associate’s draft and one of these names appears, the citation is conclusively fake. The names alone are not enough to sanction on; the corresponding sanctions ruling (linked on each detail page) is the primary source.

The list grows as new sanctions are decided. New rulings enter this database within 24 hours of Damien Charlotin’s open dataset publishing them; the ingestion is fully automated (no LLM in the ingest path) and covers U.S. federal and state courts plus a growing set of Commonwealth jurisdictions.

The hand-curated 22 — the founding phantoms

These are the phantoms with the richest available primary-source record — the Mata v. Avianca six, the Park v. Kim entries, and the earliest Charlotin-documented fabrications. Each has a full detail page with the sanctions ruling, similar real cases from CourtListener, and full narrative.

Auto-discovered (500)

Extracted deterministically from newly-ingested sanctions rulings. Each links to the sanctioning case’s full record.

Related resources

Written by the Citation Safe Research Desk · Reviewed by Andy Gaber, Founder