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AI Legal Sanction Case Database
The AI Legal Sanction Case Database is the authoritative, continuously-updated, free index of publicly reported cases where a US or foreign court sanctioned, warned, or issued an order to show cause over AI-hallucinated citations in a legal filing. According to Citation Safe’s public sanctions database, courts have addressed AI-citation problems in 1000 reported cases tracked here as of today, spanning 2023–2026. New cases are ingested daily.
- Cases tracked
- 2,109
- Courts covered
- 398
- Cases with a reported penalty
- 374
- USD-denominated penalties
- $1,400,706
- across 207 USD cases — other currencies not converted
This is the structured dataset: every row here is a live, queryable record — sortable and filterable by jurisdiction, AI tool, judge, and year, with results pulled fresh on every request. Download the full dataset as CSV. For curated write-ups of the highest-profile entries — case background, why each sanction happened, what to take from it — see the AI Hallucination Sanctions Tracker, our editorial companion to this database.
73 cases match these filters · page 1 of 2
| Case | Court | Jurisdiction | Judge | Decided | AI tool | Outcome | Penalty | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr C Mallon v Steer Energy Solutions Limited | Birmingham Employment Tribunal | UK | — | 2024-06-15 | Unidentified | The claimant was ordered to pay £7,500 in costs; the AI-generated submissions were cited as contributing to unreasonable conduct and wasted costs, but no separate penalty was imposed specifically for hallucination. | 1 | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Mr D Rollo v. Marstons Trading Ltd | Employment Tribunal | UK | — | 2024-08-01 | ChatGPT | Claim dismissed; AI material excluded from evidence under prior judicial order; no sanction but explicit judicial criticism | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Crypto Open Patent Alliance v. Wright (1) | High Court | UK | — | 2024-12-06 | Unknown | No formal sanction; fabricated citations disregarded | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Olsen v Finansiel Stabilitet | High Court | UK | — | 2025-01-25 | Implied | No contempt, but might bear out on costs | None reported | Source (judiciary.uk) |
| Ayinde v. Borough of Haringey | High Court | UK | — | 2025-04-03 | Unidentified | Wasted costs order; Partial disallowance of Claimant’s costs; Order to send transcript to Bar Standards Board and Solicitors Regulation Authority | 11000 GBP | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Zzaman v. HMRC | First-tier Tribunal (Tax Chamber) | UK | — | 2025-04-03 | Implied | Warning | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Goshen Multiservice Limited v Accuro Environmental Limited | Employment Tribunals (London, South) | UK | — | 2025-04-22 | Implied | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Crypto Open Patent Alliance v. Wright (2) | UK | UK | — | 2025-05-12 | Implied | General Civil Restraint Order (GCRO) granted for 3 years; Case referred to Attorney General; Costs awarded to applicants. | 100000 GBP | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Bandla v. Solicitors Regulation Authority | UK | UK | — | 2025-05-13 | Google Search (Allegedly) | Application for extension of time refused; appeal struck out as abuse of process; indemnity costs of £24,727.20 ordered; permission to appeal denied | 24727 GBP | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Ayinde v. Haringey & Al-Haroun v. QNB | High Court | UK | — | 2025-06-06 | Unidentified | No contempt, but referral to professional bodies | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| UB v Secretary of State for the Home Department | Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber) | UK | — | 2025-06-18 | Unidentified | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Pro Health Solutions Ltd v ProHealth Inc | Intellectual Property Office | UK | — | 2025-06-20 | ChatGPT | Warning; No costs awarded for the appeal since both sides seemingly erred | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Various Leaseholders v Assethold Limited | Property Chamber | UK | — | 2025-07-07 | Implied | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| PS v London Borough of Wandsworth | Upper Tribunal | UK | — | 2025-07-14 | Implied | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| HMRC v. Gunnarson | Upper Tribunal (Tax and Chancery Chamber) | UK | — | 2025-07-23 | Unidentified | Warning | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Chanda v Royal Mail Group Ltd | Employment Tribunal | UK | — | 2025-07-28 | Implied | Refusal of strike-out application with finding of unreasonable conduct | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| The Father v The Mother | High Court | UK | — | 2025-07-30 | Implied | Costs awarded against the Father (partly for relying on faked cases). | 5900 GBP | Source (naturalandartificiallaw.com) |
| Holloway v Beckles | First-tier Tribunal | UK | — | 2025-08-12 | Unidentified | Costs Order | 750 GBP | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| MS (Bangladesh) | Immigration and Asylum Chamber | UK | — | 2025-08-12 | ChatGPT | Referred to the Bar Standards Board for investigation | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Kuzniar v General Dental Council | Employment Tribunal | UK | — | 2025-08-15 | ChatGPT | Tribunal declined to award costs | None reported | Source (naturalandartificiallaw.com) |
| Franklin Paterson Wandji Mboungueng v Severn Trent Water Limited | Employment Tribunal, Birmingham | UK | — | 2025-09-22 | Implied | The application to set aside the dismissal was refused. No sanction or monetary penalty was imposed for the inaccurate authorities, but the Tribunal warned that further serious inaccuracies could result in strike-out for scandalous or unreasonable conduct. | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| ANPV and SAPV v Secretary of State for the Home Department | Upper Tribunal (IAC) | UK | — | 2025-09-29 | Microsoft Copilot | Order to Show Cause | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| ANPV & SAPV v Secretary of State for the Home Department | Upper Tribunal | UK | — | 2025-09-29 | Microsoft Copilot | Show Cause Order | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Warwick Econometrics Ltd v The University of Warwick | IPO | UK | — | 2025-10-03 | Implied | — | None reported | Source (naturalandartificiallaw.com) |
| AK v Secretary of State for the Home Department | Upper Tribunal | UK | — | 2025-10-06 | ChatGPT | Show Cause Order | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Mr M Peters v Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency | Employment Tribunals (Cambridge) | UK | — | 2025-10-09 | Unidentified | — | None reported | Source (naturalandartificiallaw.com) |
| Hassan v ABC International Bank | Employment Tribunals | UK | — | 2025-10-13 | Unidentified | Costs Order | 5881 GBP | Source (naturalandartificiallaw.com) |
| Gloriose Ndaryiyumvire v Birmingham City University | County Court (Birmingham) | UK | — | 2025-10-14 | LEAP legal software | Wasted costs order; Bar Referral | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Chi Keung Lee & others v Blackpool B&B Limited | First-tier Tribunal | UK | — | 2025-10-17 | Unidentified | Monetary Sanction | 227 GBP | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Re Sriram (aka Roy) | High Court | UK | — | 2025-10-22 | Implied | Warning | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Victoria Place Flats RTM Company Ltd & ors v Assethold Limited | First-tier Tribunal | UK | — | 2025-10-23 | Implied | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| OscarTech UK Ltd v ORTHOFIX S.r.l. | UK IPO | UK | — | 2025-10-30 | Unidentified | Warning | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Choksi v IPS | High Court | UK | — | 2025-11-04 | Google AI Overview | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| 133 Blackstock Road v Assethold Limited | First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) | UK | — | 2025-11-17 | Implied | Show Cause | 1 | Source (naturalandartificiallaw.com) |
| UK and R (Munir) v Secretary of State for the Home Department | Upper Tribunal | UK | — | 2025-11-17 | Implied | Bar Referral | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Mark Jennings v NatWest Group PLC | Sheriff Appeal Court | UK | — | 2025-11-21 | ChatGPT | — | None reported | Source (naturalandartificiallaw.com) |
| Oxford Hotel Investments Ltd v Great Yarmouth Borough Council | Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) | UK | — | 2025-11-24 | Unidentified | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Lockesfield Management Company Limited v The Leasehold and Freehold Owners of Lockesfield Place | First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber) | UK | — | 2025-12-01 | Implied | — | None reported | Source (naturalandartificiallaw.com) |
| Taiwo v Homelets of Bath Limited | High Court | UK | — | 2025-12-03 | Implied | Adverse Costs Order | 1 | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Onyinye Udokporo v Enrich International | IPO | UK | — | 2025-12-05 | Unidentified | — | None reported | Source (naturalandartificiallaw.com) |
| S. Peggie v. Fife Health & Dr. B. Upton | Employment Tribunal (Scotland) | UK | — | 2025-12-08 | Implied | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| D (A Child) (Recusal) | Court of Appeal | UK | — | 2025-12-09 | Unidentified | Warning | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Mr J Harrison v Mr D May t/a Leeds Gymnastics Academy | Employment Tribunals (Leeds) | UK | — | 2025-12-10 | ChatGPT | Tribunal awarded claimant a preparation time order of £2,178; payment stayed pending outcome of EAT appeal. | 2178 GBP | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Mr T De Carvalho Ferreira v Magic Life Limited & Ors | Employment Tribunals (Reading) | UK | — | 2025-12-12 | Unidentified | Warning | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| M Peiu v Hywel Dda University Local Health Board | Employment Tribunal (Swansea) | UK | — | 2025-12-30 | ChatGPT | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Elden v HMRC | First-tier Tribunal | UK | — | 2026-01-08 | Unidentified | Order to include statements of truth about AI use | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Ms F Green v Imprint Creative Print Solutions Limited | Employment Tribunal (Leeds) | UK | — | 2026-01-12 | Unidentified | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Robert Huish v The Commissioners for His Majesty's Revenue and Customs | First-tier Tribunal | UK | — | 2026-01-16 | Unidentified | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Your Home Partners v. Kellichan | Sheriffdom of Tayside | UK | — | 2026-01-19 | Unidentified | Warning | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
| Folarin v. The Immigration Services Commissionner | First-tier Tribunal | UK | — | 2026-01-29 | ChatGPT | — | None reported | Case summary (Charlotin AI Hallucination Cases DB) |
This database aggregates publicly reported court sanctions and orders over AI-hallucinated citations. It is informational only, not legal advice, and not a complete record of every such case nationwide — see our free citation checker to verify your own filings before this happens to you.