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W Démolition

Court
TE Liège
Jurisdiction
Belgium
Decided
2026-03-31
AI tool
Unidentified
Outcome
Monetary Fine; Bar Referral
Monetary penalty
500 EUR

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Conclusions cited jurisprudence that the court found to be nonexistent; admitted to have been produced by an AI. || Fabricated: Doctrinal Work | Conclusions cited doctrinal works that are nonexistent and were admitted to be AI-generated by the collaborator.

Sanction teardown · TE Liège, Belgium · 2026-03-31

W Démolition

What happened

In TE Liège, Belgium, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Conclusions cited jurisprudence that the court found to be nonexistent; admitted to have been produced by an AI.
  • Fabricated (Doctrinal Work)
    Conclusions cited doctrinal works that are nonexistent and were admitted to be AI-generated by the collaborator.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Monetary Fine; Bar Referral (monetary penalty: 500 EUR.)

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/2462/Entr._Li%C3%A8ge_-_310326_-_AI_Hallucinations.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/2462/Entr._Li%C3%A8ge_-_310326_-_AI_Hallucinations.pdf

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