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VGH 3 S 1012/25; VG 2 K 1899/25

Court
VGH Baden-Württemberg
Jurisdiction
Germany
Decided
2025-07-08
AI tool
Implied
Outcome
—
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Applicants cited a multitude of non-findable decisions and claimed higher-court jurisprudence that, as far as the court could see, does not exist; the court noted this and treated the complaint as lacking substantive engagement.

Details

This case was described and reviewed by Dean A. Blohm here.

Sanction teardown · VGH Baden-Württemberg, Germany · 2025-07-08

VGH 3 S 1012/25; VG 2 K 1899/25

What happened

In VGH Baden-Württemberg, Germany, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Applicants cited a multitude of non-findable decisions and claimed higher-court jurisprudence that, as far as the court could see, does not exist; the court noted this and treated the complaint as lacking substantive engagement.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Not specified in source record.

Additional detail

This case was described and reviewed by Dean A. Blohm here.

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1199/VGH_3_S_1012_25_Germany_2025_UWvz3ZB.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1199/VGH_3_S_1012_25_Germany_2025_UWvz3ZB.pdf

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