Sanction teardown · 3d Dist, USA · 2026-04-13
State of Ohio v. Abdullah M. Alqahtani
What happened
In 3d Dist, USA, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:
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Fabricated (Case Law)Appellant's brief included at least one cited case that the court found "do[es] not seem to exist." Court characterized this as fabricated authority.
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Misrepresented (Case Law)Appellant relied on cases that the court found misapplied or irrelevant to the radar/BEE III manual arguments.
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Misrepresented (Legal Norm)Appellant incorrectly cited R.C. 4511.091 as the source for a calibration/proof rule; court corrected this misstatement of the law.
Which AI tool
an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.
Outcome
Not specified in source record.
How Citation Safe would have caught this
Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.
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Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1983/Ohio_v._Alqahtani_USA_10_April_2026.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).