Sanction teardown · TSJ Gran Canaria, Spain · 2025-12-31

Sentencia 000126/2025

What happened

In TSJ Gran Canaria, Spain, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

• False Quotes (Case Law)
  Cita atribuida a la STS 494/2020 (08-10-2020) con pasajes sobre la idoneidad de explicar la tardanza en la denuncia por trauma; la Sala comprobó que la STS 494/2020 trata del tráfico de drogas y no contiene esos pasajes.
• False Quotes (Case Law)
  Pasaje entrecomillado atribuido a la STS 104/2019 (26-02-2019) que la Sala no halló en las bases de datos; se trata de una cita textual apócrifa atribuida al Tribunal Supremo.
• Fabricated (Case Law)
  Listado de numerosas sentencias del Tribunal Supremo (STS 282/2019; STS 387/2022; STS 845/2016; STS 65/2023; STS 798/2022; STS 381/2019; STS 787/2021) que, según la Sala, son invocadas en el recurso con afirmaciones o pasajes que no se constatan en las bases de datos consultadas.
• Fabricated (Doctrinal Work)
  Mención de un 'Informe del Consejo General del Poder Judicial (CGPJ) sobre la credibilidad del testimonio infantil, 2019' que la Sala declara inexistente en las bases consultadas.
• Misrepresented (Other)
  El tribunal identifica como práctica reiterada la inclusión de citas y extractos no verificables en el escrito de la acusación particular y lo atribuye a la confianza del letrado en lo que 'el algoritmo le propuso', calificando la conducta de negligente.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Not specified in source record.

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1365/sentencia-recurso-140-25-seudonimizada-3.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).