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Re Walker

Court
SC Victoria
Jurisdiction
Australia
Decided
2025-11-24
AI tool
CourtAid; ChatGPT
Outcome
Reprimand
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Misrepresented: Case Law | Two other authorities in the submissions were inaccurately cited or misnamed; the solicitor provided corrected names/copies for some but one corrected authority was irrelevant to the passing-over issue. || Fabricated: Case Law | Two authorities cited in the defendant's opening submissions could not be located; Supreme Court Library inquiries confirmed they did not exist and the solicitor said AI produced the references.

Sanction teardown · SC Victoria, Australia · 2025-11-24

Re Walker

What happened

In SC Victoria, Australia, a filing relied on CourtAid; ChatGPT to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Misrepresented (Case Law)
    Two other authorities in the submissions were inaccurately cited or misnamed; the solicitor provided corrected names/copies for some but one corrected authority was irrelevant to the passing-over issue.
  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Two authorities cited in the defendant's opening submissions could not be located; Supreme Court Library inquiries confirmed they did not exist and the solicitor said AI produced the references.

Which AI tool

CourtAid; ChatGPT. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Reprimand

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1074/Re_Walker_Australia_24_November_2025.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1074/Re_Walker_Australia_24_November_2025.pdf

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