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Patrick Idim Cyprian v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration

Court
IAD
Jurisdiction
Canada
Decided
2026-02-04
AI tool
Unidentified
Outcome
Submission withdrawn
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Six of seven authorities cited in the appellant's reply could not be found and appeared to be fabricated; counsel admitted the filings were drafted with AI and not verified. || Misrepresented: Case Law | One cited authority existed but did not relate to the legal principle for which counsel relied, i.e., the precedent was misrepresented.

Sanction teardown · IAD, Canada · 2026-02-04

Patrick Idim Cyprian v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration

What happened

In IAD, Canada, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Six of seven authorities cited in the appellant's reply could not be found and appeared to be fabricated; counsel admitted the filings were drafted with AI and not verified.
  • Misrepresented (Case Law)
    One cited authority existed but did not relate to the legal principle for which counsel relied, i.e., the precedent was misrepresented.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Submission withdrawn

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

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Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/2829/Cyprian-v.-Canada-Citizenship-and-Immigration-2026-CanLII-81608-CA-CISR.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/2829/Cyprian-v.-Canada-Citizenship-and-Immigration-2026-CanLII-81608-CA-CISR.pdf

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