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National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v. Canada AG

Court
Federal Court
Jurisdiction
Canada
Decided
2026-03-20
AI tool
Implied
Outcome
Adverse Costs Order
Monetary penalty
1 CAD

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Affidavit of in-house counsel cited this purported FCA decision to support extension of time; Court found the decision does not exist and treated it as AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Affidavit cited this Federal Court decision as precedent on extensions of time; Court determined the decision is non-existent and likely AI-generated. || Fabricated: Case Law | Affidavit relied on this alleged FCA authority regarding extensions; Court concluded the citation does not correspond to a real case and is a hallucination. || Fabricated: Case Law | Affidavit included this purported Federal Court decision to show discretion to grant extensions; Court found it non-existent and attributable to AI hallucination.

Sanction teardown · Federal Court, Canada · 2026-03-20

National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v. Canada AG

What happened

In Federal Court, Canada, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Affidavit of in-house counsel cited this purported FCA decision to support extension of time; Court found the decision does not exist and treated it as AI-generated.
  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Affidavit cited this Federal Court decision as precedent on extensions of time; Court determined the decision is non-existent and likely AI-generated.
  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Affidavit relied on this alleged FCA authority regarding extensions; Court concluded the citation does not correspond to a real case and is a hallucination.
  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Affidavit included this purported Federal Court decision to show discretion to grant extensions; Court found it non-existent and attributable to AI hallucination.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Adverse Costs Order (monetary penalty: 1 CAD.)

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1823/National_Indigenous_Fisheries_Institute_v._Canada__Canada_20_March_2026.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1823/National_Indigenous_Fisheries_Institute_v._Canada__Canada_20_March_2026.pdf

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