What was hallucinated

False Quotes: Exhibits & Submissions | Partial fabrication/manipulation of a quotation attributed to the DPJ; the court reviewed the records and could not find the quoted wording as presented. || Fabricated: Exhibits & Submissions | Pure fabrication of a quotation attributed to the children's lawyer (Me Dupont); court could not find the quote in any filed documents. || Fabricated: Case Law | Cited a non-existent decision of the Court of Appeal; court could not locate the decision and the defendant later admitted using AI in preparing his materials. || Misrepresented: Legal Norm | Misstates or invents wording of legislative articles, citing inapplicable provisions or inventing libellés, which misled the court in parts of the motion.

Sanction teardown · Québec SC, Canada · 2026-02-18

N… R… c. M… S…

What happened

In Québec SC, Canada, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

False Quotes (Exhibits & Submissions)

Partial fabrication/manipulation of a quotation attributed to the DPJ; the court reviewed the records and could not find the quoted wording as presented.
Fabricated (Exhibits & Submissions)

Pure fabrication of a quotation attributed to the children's lawyer (Me Dupont); court could not find the quote in any filed documents.
Fabricated (Case Law)

Cited a non-existent decision of the Court of Appeal; court could not locate the decision and the defendant later admitted using AI in preparing his materials.
Misrepresented (Legal Norm)

Misstates or invents wording of legislative articles, citing inapplicable provisions or inventing libellés, which misled the court in parts of the motion.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Warning

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1776/Droit-de-la-famille--26184-2026-QCCS-666.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

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