Sanction teardown · Ontario, Canada · 2025-08-28
Myers v. Tarion Warranty Corporation
What happened
In Ontario, Canada, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:
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Fabricated (Case Law)Appellants cited cases that the Tribunal could not locate and determined did not appear to exist.
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False Quotes (Case Law)Appellants misquoted or paraphrased case law within quotation marks and later said the quotes were misplaced, leading the Tribunal to conclude the quotations were inaccurate.
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Misrepresented (Case Law)Appellants relied on case law to make points unrelated to those cases' holdings and misstated decisions' reasoning or conclusions.
Which AI tool
an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.
Outcome
Arguments ignored
How Citation Safe would have caught this
Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.
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Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/743/Myers_v._Tarion_Warranty_Corp_Canada.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).