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Maxwell v. WestJet Airlines Ltd.

Court
Civil Resolution Tribunal
Jurisdiction
Canada
Decided
2025-08-15
AI tool
ChatGPT
Outcome
Argument given no weight
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Applicant cited a non-existent case in his reply; tribunal inferred ChatGPT likely hallucinated it and gave it no weight. || Outdated Advice: Repealed Law | Applicant moved for reconsideration under CRTA s. 56, which had been repealed in 2015; tribunal noted it cannot be used. || Misrepresented: Exhibits & Submissions | Applicant claimed rebooking on WS 491 and denial of boarding; tribunal found WS 491 was not that route and he was instead booked on WS 3052, so no denial occurred.

Sanction teardown · Civil Resolution Tribunal, Canada · 2025-08-15

Maxwell v. WestJet Airlines Ltd.

What happened

In Civil Resolution Tribunal, Canada, a filing relied on ChatGPT to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Applicant cited a non-existent case in his reply; tribunal inferred ChatGPT likely hallucinated it and gave it no weight.
  • Outdated Advice (Repealed Law)
    Applicant moved for reconsideration under CRTA s. 56, which had been repealed in 2015; tribunal noted it cannot be used.
  • Misrepresented (Exhibits & Submissions)
    Applicant claimed rebooking on WS 491 and denial of boarding; tribunal found WS 491 was not that route and he was instead booked on WS 3052, so no denial occurred.

Which AI tool

ChatGPT. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Argument given no weight

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/713/Maxwell_v._WestJet_Airlines_Ltd._Canada_15_August_2025.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/713/Maxwell_v._WestJet_Airlines_Ltd._Canada_15_August_2025.pdf

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