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Femhealth USA Carafem v. Rickey Nelson Williams

Court
M.D. Tennessee
Jurisdiction
USA
Decided
2026-01-23
AI tool
Implied
Outcome
Arguments Struck; Warning
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Legal Norm | Defendants included fabricated statutory language in their response; the Court identified it as fabricated, struck those portions, and refused to consider them. || Fabricated: Case Law | Defendants quoted nonexistent cases (fabricated case law) in support of denying statutory damages; the Court found the quotations were from nonexistent cases, struck them, and warned sanctions could follow.

Sanction teardown · M.D. Tennessee, USA · 2026-01-23

Femhealth USA Carafem v. Rickey Nelson Williams

What happened

In M.D. Tennessee, USA, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Legal Norm)
    Defendants included fabricated statutory language in their response; the Court identified it as fabricated, struck those portions, and refused to consider them.
  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Defendants quoted nonexistent cases (fabricated case law) in support of denying statutory damages; the Court found the quotations were from nonexistent cases, struck them, and warned sanctions could follow.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Arguments Struck; Warning

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1378/Femhealth_v._Williams_USA_23_January_2026.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1378/Femhealth_v._Williams_USA_23_January_2026.pdf

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