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ATSJ NA 38/2024

Court
TSJ Navarra
Jurisdiction
Spain
Decided
2024-09-04
AI tool
CHATGPT 3
Outcome
—
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Legal Norm | Inclusion in the complaint of a quoted statutory provision 'artículo 454B del Código Penal' attributed to the Spanish Supreme Court; the Sala found the provision does not exist in Spanish law and corresponds to the Penal Code of Colombia, and traced the source to use of ChatGPT 3.

Sanction teardown · TSJ Navarra, Spain · 2024-09-04

ATSJ NA 38/2024

What happened

In TSJ Navarra, Spain, a filing relied on CHATGPT 3 to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Legal Norm)
    Inclusion in the complaint of a quoted statutory provision 'artículo 454B del Código Penal' attributed to the Spanish Supreme Court; the Sala found the provision does not exist in Spanish law and corresponds to the Penal Code of Colombia, and traced the source to use of ChatGPT 3.

Which AI tool

CHATGPT 3. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Not specified in source record.

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

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Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1041/ATSJ_NA_38_2024.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/1041/ATSJ_NA_38_2024.pdf

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