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Amparo Trejo v. Miguel Angel Amaya Hernandez

Court
CA Maryland
Jurisdiction
USA
Decided
2026-04-29
AI tool
Implied
Outcome
Brief Partly Struck
Monetary penalty
None reported

What was hallucinated

Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited this case as authority for nunc pro tunc relief; the court determined the case does not exist and struck the portions relying on it. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant relied on this case for the proposition that courts may issue nunc pro tunc orders; the court found the citation to be nonexistent and struck related briefing. || Fabricated: Case Law | Appellant cited this Maryland appellate decision as support; the court concluded the case does not exist and excised the portions of the brief based on it.

Sanction teardown · CA Maryland, USA · 2026-04-29

Amparo Trejo v. Miguel Angel Amaya Hernandez

What happened

In CA Maryland, USA, a filing relied on an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool to help draft legal argument. The court identified the following problems with the citations in that filing:

  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Appellant cited this case as authority for nunc pro tunc relief; the court determined the case does not exist and struck the portions relying on it.
  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Appellant relied on this case for the proposition that courts may issue nunc pro tunc orders; the court found the citation to be nonexistent and struck related briefing.
  • Fabricated (Case Law)
    Appellant cited this Maryland appellate decision as support; the court concluded the case does not exist and excised the portions of the brief based on it.

Which AI tool

an unnamed/unconfirmed AI tool. Note: Charlotin's public database records tool attribution only where a court order, brief, or reporting on the matter states it explicitly; "unidentified" or "implied" means the record indicates AI use but does not name a specific product — we do not guess.

Outcome

Brief Partly Struck

How Citation Safe would have caught this

Citation Safe runs three deterministic layers before a brief is filed: (1) does the citation exist against CourtListener's database of published opinions, (2) if quoted, does that exact language appear in the source, (3) does the cited case actually support the proposition it is cited for. Fabricated case citations fail Layer 1. Fabricated or misattributed quotations fail Layer 2 even when the underlying case is real. Misrepresented holdings — a real case cited for a proposition it does not support — are the target of Layer 3. None of these checks involve asking another language model whether the citation looks right; they are lookups and text-matches against the actual source, which is why a hallucinated citation has to survive a direct lookup against the authoritative source — not another model's opinion — to earn a VERIFIED stamp; our measured false-verify rate is published live at /quality.

Check a brief before you file it → · See our live false-verify rate

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/2056/AMPARO_TREJO_v_MIGUEL_ANGEL_AMAYA_HERNANDEZ_et_al_USa_27_April_2026.pdf, via Damien Charlotin's public AI Hallucination Cases Database (CC0).

Source: https://www.damiencharlotin.com/documents/2056/AMPARO_TREJO_v_MIGUEL_ANGEL_AMAYA_HERNANDEZ_et_al_USa_27_April_2026.pdf

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